Medial Anatomy Of The Foot And Ankle
The ankleis the part of the lower limb encompassing the distal portion of the leg and proximal portions of the foot. A malleolus is the bony prominence on each side of the human ankle.
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The foot and ankle form a complex system which consists of 28 bones 33 joints 112 ligaments controlled by 13 extrinsic and 21 intrinsic muscles.
Medial anatomy of the foot and ankle. Some feet contain accessory ossicles or accessory bones figure 9. The shin bone tibia the thinner bone running next to the shin bone fibula a foot bone that sits above the heel bone talus. The tibialis posterior tendon is the main invertor of the foot and also helps the calf muscles to plantarflex the foot.
These extra bones are developmental variants. It functions as a rigid structure for weight bearing and it can also function as a flexible structure to conform to uneven terrain. The true ankle joint is composed of 3 bones seen above from a front or anterior view.
The ankle is a complex mechanism. The tendon passes behind the inner ankle bone medial malleolus and underneath the foot attaching to the tarsal bones. Hinge joints typically allow for only one direction of motion much like a door hinge.
The lateral malleolus is the prominence on the outer side of the ankle formed by the lower end of the fibula. Anatomy of the foot. The medial malleolus is the prominence on the inner side of the ankle formed by the lower end of the tibia.
The footis the part of the lower limb distal to the ankle joint. The ankleencompasses the ankle joint an articulation between the tibiaand fibulaof the leg and the talusof the foot. Shared with ant subtler joint.
The word malleolus plural malleoli comes from latin and means small hammer. The foot is subdivided into the rearfoot midfoot and forefoot. In the foot there are two sesamoid bones located directly underneath the first metatarsal head embedded in the medial tibial side and lateral fibular aspect of the flexor hallucis brevis tendon.
The ankle joint is both a synovial joint and a hinge joint. The tibia which forms the inside or medial portion of the ankle. Common ossicles of the foot.
The true ankle joint is responsible for up and down motion of the foot. Beneath the true ankle joint is the second part of the ankle the subtalar joint which consists of the talus on top and calcaneus on the bottom. See the page for ankle jointfor more information.
The subtalar joint allows side to side motion of the foot. Post articulation has independent capsule with synovial membrane ant articulation has capsule with synovial membrane that includes talonavicular joint. What we normally think of as the ankle is actually made up of two joints.
The ankle joint or tibiotalar joint is formed where the top of the talus the uppermost bone in the foot and the tibia shin bone and fibula meet. The subtalar joint and the true ankle joint. Lined with synovial membrane and strengthened by collateral anterior and posterior ligaments thin ant and post and thickened laterally.
The ankle is a large joint made up of three bones. Each leg is supported by two bones the tibia on the inner side of the leg and the fibula on the outer side of the leg.
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